Impact of socioeconomic factors on deciduous teeth eruption among infants born after low-risk pregnancy compared to infants diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction.

Aim: The aim is to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on deciduous teeth eruption among infants born after low-risk pregnancy and infants diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Materials and Methodology: The cross-sectional study included 110 neonates recruited at birth using stratified random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Neonates diagnosed without IUGR were allocated to Group I (n = 55) and those diagnosed with IUGR were allocated to Group II (n = 55). The perinatal case history was recorded, followed by intraoral examination at birth, 6 months, and monthly up to 1 year or till first evidence of teeth eruption. Results: The difference between both groups based on socioeconomic status (SES) was found statistically significant (P = 0.043). The first evidence of eruption of deciduous teeth was found delayed in Group II (P = 0.0001). Secondary school education was found statistically significant between both the groups (P = 0.024). The difference between the two groups based on religion (P = 0.353) and gravidity (P = 0.571) was found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Lower SES and secondary maternal education can be considered statistically significant risk factors of IUGR and delayed deciduous teeth eruption. No correlation of IUGR with religion and gravidity was found.

USG Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology along with Immunocytochemistry to Diagnose Primary Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumors: A Three-Year Study from a Tertiary Care Center.

Aims and Objectives: To study the diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and immunocytochemistry in diagnosing primary malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (MMMT). Materials and Methods: A 3-year retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, which included all the gynecological patients who underwent USG-guided FNAC of their abdominopelvic masses. Observations and Results: Out of the 324 total cases, 05 (1.5%) were reported as primary malignant mixed Mullerian tumors. Out of these 05 cases, 03 were ovarian, 01 was uterine, and 01 involved both uterus and one-sided adnexa. The FNA smears from the masses revealed cytomorphological features of a biphasic neoplasm with elongated pleomorphic spindle cells and dispersed, focal attempted acinar pattern, thus indicating the possibility of MMMT. Immunocytochemistry was further carried out which showed both vimentin and cytokeratin positivity. The diagnosis was confirmed on subsequent biopsy and immunohistochemistry (without any histopathological-cytological discrepancy). Conclusion: Though the literature is replete in establishing a histo-pathological diagnosis of MMMT, the diagnosis on USG-guided FNAC has been rarely described. Emphasis should be made on the careful examination of small sarcomatous elements in smears. Utilization of cell block and immunocytochemistry with histopathological correlation should be done to avoid misdiagnosis.

Undergraduate Medical Students' Experience with Foundation Course at a Public Medical College in India.

The study aimed to explore the perception and knowledge-gain of undergraduate medical students during the Medical Council of India-mandated one month foundation course in August, 2019. A total of 129 consenting students who underwent the foundation course were enrolled and their feedback collected using an email-based structured questionnaire. A majority (>60%) had positive attitudes towards various aspects of the course, with good scores obtained in the post-test by the majority of the students. The information reported will assist in the planning of future foundation course programs.

E-Learning in Medical Education in India.

E-learning, or learning and teaching facilitated and supported through the application of technology, is presently being used widely in all fields of education, and also being utilized extensively in medical education. This narrative review aims to introduce the concept of e-learning, and discuss its need and scope in medical education in India. Experience shows that students and faculty are mostly in favor of adopting e-learning side-by-side with traditional learning, and the advantages far outweigh the likely discomfort associated with adoption of this new method.

El impacto del consumo de productos de tabacaleros en la cavidad oral / The impact of the consumption of tobacco products in the oral cavity

El presente artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el impacto de los productos tabacaleros en la cavidad oral, el cual se presenta como un factor de riesgo para desencadenas diversas enfermedades en la cavidad oral. Resultados: el consumo de los productos tabacaleros en los pacientes odontológicos genera dependencia, halitosis, factor de riesgo para perder dientes e implantes dentales, factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedad Periodontal, genera cáncer oral, los pacientes adictos presentan mayor información de placa, cálculo y pigmentación, factor de riesgo para desarrollar peri-implantitis, pacientes adictos son un factor de riesgo para desarrollar alveolitis, pacientes consumidores de cigarro son un factor de riesgo para perder injertos óseos. Conclusiones: los productos tabacaleros son nocivos para la salud oral, pacientes que serán sometidos a cualquier tipo de tratamiento periodontal y quirúrgico, deben ser encaminados a un protocolo previo de cese de fumar al tratamiento así como posteriormente.

This paper presents a review of the literature of the impact of tobacco products in the oral cavity, which is presented as a strong risk factor to trigger various diseases in the oral cavity. Results: Consumption of tobacco products has long been known to be associated with a variety of oral disease including halitosis, dental implant and tooth loss, developing periodontal disease, oral cancer, oral cancer, addicted patients have increased formation of plaque, calculus and pigmentation, peri-implantitis, bone and bone grafts loss. Conclusions: The tobacco products generate dependence are harmful to oral health, patients who will undergo any surgical periodontal treatment should be aimed at a preliminary protocol for smoking cessation prior to treatment and subsequently.